Reviewed by Dr. Kenton Bruice, MD
Hypothyroidism, or an underactive thyroid, can make weight loss feel impossible. If you struggle with weight gain despite diet and exercise, you’re not alone.
For many patients with thyroid conditions, managing weight can be challenging due to changes in metabolism and energy regulation.
Recently, GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) like semaglutide (found in Ozempic and Wegovy) have gained attention for chronic weight management.
But how do they interact with thyroid health? Are there potential risks for those with thyroid dysfunction or a history of thyroid cancer?
At Denver Hormone Institute of Colorado, we help patients navigate thyroid hormone replacement therapy and weight management safely. Here’s what you need to know about hypothyroidism and semaglutide.
Table of Contents
Key Takeaway
Semaglutide can support chronic weight management for individuals with thyroid dysfunction, but those with a history of thyroid cancer or hormone imbalances should consult a healthcare provider to ensure it’s a safe and effective option.
How Hypothyroidism Affects Weight and Metabolism
Your thyroid gland plays a crucial role in metabolism by producing thyroid hormones that regulate energy use. When the thyroid doesn’t produce enough hormones, symptoms can include:
- Weight gain despite diet and exercise
- Fatigue and sluggishness
- Cold intolerance
- Slow metabolism
For many, thyroid hormone replacement therapy helps restore thyroid function and balance thyroid hormone levels. However, some individuals still struggle with weight loss, leading them to explore weight loss medications like semaglutide.
What Is Semaglutide?
Semaglutide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist originally developed for diabetes management. It helps regulate blood sugar levels by:
- Stimulating insulin secretion
- Slowing gastric emptying, helping you feel full longer
- Reducing food intake by decreasing appetite
Due to its ability to aid weight loss, semaglutide is now used for chronic weight management in individuals with obesity—including those with thyroid conditions.
Can Semaglutide Affect Thyroid Health?
While semaglutide may support weight loss, there are concerns about thyroid tumors and the risk of thyroid cancer in some cases.
Animal studies have linked GLP-1 RAs to an increased risk of medullary thyroid carcinoma, a rare type of thyroid cancer. However, human studies have not confirmed the same level of risk.
Who Should Be Cautious?
You may need to avoid semaglutide if you have:
- A history of thyroid cancer, particularly medullary thyroid carcinoma or papillary thyroid carcinoma
- A family history of thyroid cancers or thyroid tumors
- Uncontrolled thyroid dysfunction
Before starting semaglutide, talk to a healthcare provider to assess your thyroid hormone levels and discuss potential side effects and interactions with your medications.
Potential Side Effects of Semaglutide
Like any medication, semaglutide comes with potential risks. Some common side effects include:
- Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea
- Changes in blood pressure
- Possible effects on thyroid levels in some individuals
💡Did You Know? Bioidentical hormone replacement therapy (BHRT) can help support thyroid health by addressing hormonal imbalances that may contribute to fatigue, weight gain, and sluggish metabolism. Optimizing thyroid hormone levels alongside other key hormones—such as estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone—can improve energy, metabolism, and overall well-being. Learn more about thyroid disorders and treatment options here: Thyroid Disorders & Adrenal Fatigue. |
Balancing Thyroid Health, Weight Loss, and Lifestyle
For individuals with thyroid dysfunction, managing weight requires more than just medication. A well-rounded approach that includes regular exercise, balanced nutrition, and thyroid hormone replacement therapy can help improve metabolism and energy levels.
For those who continue to struggle with weight gain, semaglutide can support chronic weight management by helping regulate blood sugar levels, appetite, and insulin secretion. However, it’s important to work with a healthcare provider to ensure it complements your thyroid treatment and does not interfere with thyroid hormone levels.
Dr. Kenton Bruice takes a personalized approach to thyroid health and weight management, helping patients find safe, effective solutions for long-term success.
Schedule a Consultation in Denver
Managing thyroid dysfunction and weight loss doesn’t have to be overwhelming. Dr. Bruice can help you find a safe, effective plan tailored to your thyroid health and weight goals.
To book an appointment at the Denver Hormone Institute of Colorado, call (303) 957-6686 or complete the online inquiry form. We are located at 55 Madison Street, Suite 575 Denver, CO.
📍Other locations:
St.Louis Hormone Institute of Missouri
9909 Clayton Rd, Suite 225 , St. Louis, MO.
📞(314) 222-7567
Additional Resources
10 Frequently Asked Questions About Semaglutide (Wegovy)
How Long Do You Stay on Semaglutide for Weight Loss?
Beyond Semaglutide: Strategies for Maintaining Weight Loss